To an 8 quart pot over medium high heat, add 1 tbsp of oil and all of your ground meat. Press it down across the surface of the pot and let it brown for 3-4 minutes to brown.
Once the underside has begun to color, start breaking up the meat into small pieces. Now you can mix in all of the sausage seasonings. Add the fennel, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, oregano, salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes. Mix to combine and cook until the meat is 90% of the way finished.
Create a well in the center of the pot by pushing all the meat to the outside. Add in an additional 1 tbsp of oil and put the onions and peppers into the center. Mix in the oil but don't mix into the meat just yet. Let it cook for a couple of minutes first to soften and color.
After 2-3 minutes you can add in your garlic and mix the contents of the pot together.
Add the tomato paste and stir in. Cook for about a minute so that the tomato paste can lightly caramelize over the heat. Next add in the crushed tomatoes and stir to combine.
Add the penne and stir. Pour in 2.5 cups of water and stir. Make sure the noodles are all submerged under the water. Bring to a boil then cover with a lid and reduce the heat to low, about 2-3 out of 10. Cook for 12 minutes.
After the timer is up, check a noodle for doneness. If it is cooked, you can add in the grated parmesan cheese, chopped spinach, and half and half. Stir to combine.
Taste test and adjust with salt and pepper to your liking.